III. EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES ON POLLINATION INCIDENCE IN MAIZE
Keywords:
Poor pollination, VPD, Diente de Perro, water stress.Abstract
The study was conducted at the IDIAP Experimental Station in El Ejido-Los Santos, located at 7°54’ N latitude and 80°22’ W longitude, at approximately 25 m above sea level. The experimental unit consisted of six rows, each 5.2 m long, arranged at 0.75 m between rows and 0.20 m between plants. The effective plot comprised the two central rows of each experimental unit. Two maize hybrids and two production systems-rainfed and supplemental drip irrigation dependent on seasonal rainfall-were evaluated. Sowing was carried out on three different dates (August, September, and October), spaced 20 days apart, so that plant development occurred under contrasting environmental and rainfall conditions. The objective of the study was to identify the climatic variable that most strongly influences grain yield. The symptom with the most significant impact on yield reduction was the incidence of “Diente de Perro” (DPE), or poorly pollinated ears. In plots with supplemental irrigation, DPE incidence increased from 3.0% and 5.3% in August and September to 51.5% in the October sowing, corresponding to a 54.5% yield reduction in October. This effect was even more pronounced under rainfed conditions: DPE incidence rose from 2.6% and 8.8% in August and September to 61.0% in the October sowing, resulting in a 69.2% yield reduction. In both systems, the same environmental factors affected male and female flowering during the 15-day post-silking period. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was the climatic variable that most strongly influenced the increase in DPE incidence, showing high correlations with both tassel flowering (r > 0.70) and silk flowering (r > 0.80).
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