EFFECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF CADMIUM TO THE SOIL IN COCOA PLANTS OF THE CLONE AS-CP 2661
Keywords:
Accumulation, availability, acid soils, inceptisol, translocation.Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate The maximum absorption of cadmium (Cd) in different organs of the cocoa plants was evaluated, as well as to determine the bioaccumulation and translocation presented by the clone AS-CP 26-61, when applying different concentrations of Cd in the soil. A completely randomized design was used, with six treatments and three repetitions. The soil used was from the Almirante district, Bocas del Toro, extracted to a depth of 30 cm. The soil was treated with diluted CdSO4 and applied to the surface in doses of 0 mg.kg-1; 4 mg.kg-1; 8 mg.kg-1; 12 mg.kg-1; 16 mg.kg-1 and 20 mg.kg-1. After six months, soil samples were taken at two depths (0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm), as well as roots, stems and leaves, to determine Cd concentrations. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors were analyzed to find out if the evaluated genotype is Cd hyperaccumulator or excluder. According to the results, it was possible to verify that as the doses of Cd applied doses increased, the concentrations of bioavailable Cd in the soil increased. The leaves presented the highest Cd concentration, followed by roots and stems. The cocoa plant behavior with Cd bioaccumulation factors greater than 1 and translocation factors less than 1, corresponds to a phytoaccumulator plant. It is concluded that the evaluated clone AS-CP-2661 does not transfer the metal from the root to the stem and leaves, in doses applied to the soil of less than 8 mg.kg-1.
Downloads
References
AbuShady, M., Fathy, H., Fathy, G., A., Abd El Fatah, S., Ali, A., y Abbas, M. (2017). “Blood lead levels in a group of children: the potential risk factors and health problems.” Journal de Pediatria, 93(6), 619–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.12.006
Albacete, A., Martínez-Andújar, C., Martínez-Pérez, A., Thompson, A. J., Dodd, I. C., y Pérez-Alfocea, F. (2015). Unravelling rootstock× scion interactions to improve food security. Journal of experimental botany, 66(8), 2211-2226. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv027
Alvarado, C. J., Dasgupta-Schubert, N., Ambriz, E., Sánchez-Yañez, J. M., y Villegas, J. (2011). Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares y la fitorremediación de plomo. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, 27(4), 357-364. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992011000400008
Alloway, B. J. (2013). Sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils. In Heavy metals in soils. Springer Netherlands. pp.11-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4470-7_2
Antoine, J., Hoo Fung, L., y Grant, CH. (2017). Assessment of the potential health risks associated with the aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead content in selected fruits and vegetables grown in Jamaica. Toxicology Reports, 4, 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.03.006
Argüello, D., Chávez, E., Lauryssen, F., Vanderschueren, R., Smolders, E., y Montalvo, D. (2019). Soil properties and agronomic factors affecting cadmium concentrations in cacao beans: a nationwide survey in Ecuador. Sci Total Environ, 649, 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.292
Arévalo-Hernández, C. O., Arévalo-Gardini, E., Barraza, F., Farfán, A., He, Z., y Baligar, V. C. (2021). Growth and nutritional responses of wild and domesticated cacao genotypes to soil Cd stress. Science of the Total Environment, 763, 144021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144021
Arévalo-Gardini, E., Arévalo-Hernández, C. O., Baligar, V. C., y He, Z. L. (2017). Heavy metal accumulation in leaves and beans of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in major cacao growing regions in Peru. Science of the Total Environment, 605, 792-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.122
Arévalo-Gardini, E., Obando-Cerpa, M. E., Zúñiga-Cernades, L. B., Arévalo-Hernández, C. O., Baligar, V., y He, Z. (2016). Metales pesados en suelos de plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en tres regiones del Perú. Ecología aplicada, 15(2), 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/rea.v15i2.747
Arvelo Sánchez, M. A., González León, D., Maroto Arce, S., Delgado López, T., y Montoya Rodríguez, P. (2017). Manual técnico del cultivo de cacao: prácticas latinoamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura. San José, C.R.: IICA. 165 p. https://pdfslide.net/documents/manual-tecnico-del-cultivo-de-cacao-practicas-latinoa-manual-tecnico-del.html
Avendaño, A. C. H., Mendoza, L. A, Hernández, G. E., López, G. G., Martínez, B. M., Caballero, P. J. F., Guillen, D. S., y Espinosa, Z. S. (2013). Mejoramiento genético participativo en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Agro productividad, 6(5), 71-80. https://revista-agroproductividad.org/index.php/agroproductividad/article/view/487
Barraza, F., Schreck, E., Lévêque, T., Uzu, G., López, F., Ruales, J., Prunier, J., Marquet, A., y Maurice, L. (2017). Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: a feld study in areas impacted by oil activities in Ecuador. Environ Pollut 29, 950-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.080
Baker, J. M. (1981). Accumulators and Excluders Strategies in Response of Plants to Heavy Metals. Journal of Plant Nutrition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 3, 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904168109362867.
Bowie, S. H. U., y Thornton, I. (1985). Environmental geochemistry and health. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Lancaster, PA.
Bravo, I. D. S. B., Arboleda, C. A. A., y Peinado, F. J. M. (2014). Efecto de la Calidad de la Materia Orgánica asociada con el Uso y Manejo de Suelos en la Retención de Cadmio en Sistemas Altoandinos de Colombia. Acta Agronómica, 63(2), 164-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v63n2.39569
Bremner, J. M., y Mulvaney, C. S. (1983). Nitrogen total. In: Page, A. L., R. H. Miller, and D. R. Keeney (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. American Society of Agronomy. No 9 in Agronomy Series. Madison, Wisconsin. USA. pp. 595-624. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c31
Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer Method Improved for Making Particle Size Analysis of Soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x
Burt, R., Wilson, M. A., Keck, T. J., Dougherty, B. D., Strom, D. E. y Lindahl, J. A. (2003). Trace Element Speciation in Selected Smelter-Contaminated Soils in Anaconda and Deer Lodge Valley, Montana, USA. Advances in Environmental Research, 8, 51-67.
Calabrese, E. J., Bachmann, K. A., Bailer, A. J., Bolger, P. M., Borak, J., Cai, L., Cedergreen, N., Cherian, M. G., Chiueh, Ch. C., Clarkson, T. W., Cook, R. R., Diamond, D. M., Doolittle, D. J., Dorato, M. A., Duke, S. O., Feinendegen, L., Gardner, D. E., Hart, R. W., Hastings, K. L., Hayes, A. W., y Mattson, M. P. (2007). Biological stress response terminology: integrating the concepts of adaptive response and preconditioning stress within a hormetic dose–response framework. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 222(1), 122-128.
Casteblanco, J. (2018). «Heavy metals remediation with potential application in cocoa cultivation». En: La Granja 27.1, 21-35. https://bit.ly/33ffMhn
Clemente Huachen, J. P., Medina Contreras, J., Pfuño, J. D. L., Pariona Aguilar, L. A., y Gutiérrez Vílchez, P. P. (2021). Fitorremediación en suelos contaminados con Cd usando girasol (Helianthus annuus L. var. Sunbright). Acta Agronómica, 70(2), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n2.94208
Díaz-Romeu, R., y Hunter, A. (1978). Metodologías de Muestreo de suelos. Análisis químico de suelos y tejido vegetal y de Investigaciones en invernadero. Turrialba, Costa Rica. C.R. pp.70. http://orton.catie.ac.cr/repdoc/A4008e/A4008e.pdf
Dinu, C., Vasile, G. G., Buleandra, M., Popa, D. E., Gheorghe, S., y Ungureanu, E. M. (2020). Translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in Ocimum basilicum L. plants grown in mining-contaminated soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20, 2141-2154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02550-w
Di Rienzo, J. A., Casanoves, F., Balzarini – Italy, M. G., González, L., Tablada, M., Robledo, C. W. (2015). InfoStad Version (2008). Transfer Center InoStad, FCA, National University of Cordoba, Argentina.
Engbersen, N., Gramlich, A., Lopez, M., Schwarz, G., Hattendorf, B., Gutierrez, O., y Schulin, R. (2019). Cadmium accumulation and allocation in different cacao cultivars. Science of The Total Environment, 678, 660-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.001
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura y Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2014). Comisión del Códex Alimentarius. Programa conjunto FAO/OMS sobre normas alimentarias CX/CF 15/9/6. diciembre de 2014. ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/meetings/cccf/cccf9/cf09_06s.pdf
Gutiérrez, A. (2020). Caracterización Morfológica de tres genotipos criollos promisorios de Theobroma cacao L. Ciencia Agropecuaria, (30),150-169. http://revistacienciaagropecuaria.ac.pa/index.php/ciencia-agropecuaria/article/view/134/98
Hidalgo, N. (2014). Algunos métodos de propagación del cultivo de cacao Theobroma cacao L. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Dirección Regional Brunca. INFOAGRO.
Huertos, E. G., y Baena, A. R. (2008). Contaminación de suelos por metales pesados. MACLA, revista de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, (10), 48-60.
Intawongse, M., y Dean, J. R. (2006). Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23(1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500387554
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants (4th ed.). Taylor and Francis Group. CRC Press. Michigan, USA. 505 p.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2004). Soil–plant transfer of trace elements—an environmental issue. Geoderma, 122(2), 143-149.
Lehmann, J., Coumou, D., Frieler, K., Eliseev, A. V. y Levermann, A. (2014). Cambios futuros en las trayectorias de tormentas extra tropicales y baroclinicidad bajo el cambio climático. Cartas de investigación ambiental, 9 (8), 084002. http://stacks.iop.org/ERL/9/084002/mmedia
Lewis, C., Lennon, A. M., Eudoxie, G., y Umaharan, P. (2018). Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Science of the Total Environment, (640-641), 696–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.365
Llatance, W. O., Gonza, C. J., Guzmán, W., y Pariente, E. (2018). Bioacumulación de cadmio en el cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la Comunidad Nativa de Pakun, Perú. Revista Forestal del Perú, 33(1), 63-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/rfp.v33i1.1156
López, Y., Cunias, M., y Carrasco, Y. (2020). El cacao peruano y su impacto en la economía nacional. Universidad y Sociedad, 12(3), 344-352. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2218-36202020000300344
McGrath, S. P., y Loveland, P. J. (1992). The Soil Geochemical Atlas of England and Wales. Blackie Academic and Professional.
Meter, A., Atkinson, R. J., y Laliberte, B. (2019). Cadmium in Cocoa from Latin America and the Caribbean – Analysis of research and potential solutions for mitigation. Bioversity International, Rome. https://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1505/Cadmio_en_el_cacao_de_America_Latina_y_el_Caribe.pdf
Mehlich, A. (1984). Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 15(12), 1409-1416. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367568
Ministerio del Ambiente. (2014). Guía para Muestreo de Suelos. En el marco del Decreto Supremo No 002-2013-MINAM, Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para suelo. https://www.minam.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/GUIA-MUESTREO-SUELO_MINAM1.pdf
Puentes, P. Y. J., Menjivar, J. C., y Aranzazu, F. (2016). Concentration of nutrients in leaves, a tool for nutritional diagnosis in cocoa. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 27(2), 329-336.
Rosas-Patiño, G., Puentes-Páramo, Y.J., y Menjívar Flores, J. C. (2017). Relación entre el pH y la disponibilidad de nutrientes para cacao en un entisol de la Amazonia colombiana. Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 18(3), 529-541. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol18_num3_art:742
Shahid, M., Dumat, C., Khalid, S., Schreck, E., Xiong, T., y Niazi, N. K. (2017). Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. Journal of hazardous materials, 325, 36-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.063
Snoeck, D., Koko, L., Joffre, J, Bastide, P., y Jagoret, P. (2016). Cacao nutrition and fertilization. In: Lichtfouse (ed) Sustainable agriculture reviews. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland 19, 155–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26777-7_4
Song, Y., Jin, L., y Wang, X. (2020). Cadmium absorption and transportation pathways in plants. International journal of phytoremediation, 19(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2016.1207598
Sut-Lohmann, M., Jonczak, J., y Raab, T. (2020). Phyto filtration of chosen metals by aquarium liverwort (Monosoleum tenerum). Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 188, 109844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109844
Teixeira, P. C., Donagemma, G. K., Fontana, A., y Teixeira, W. G. (2017). Manual de métodos´de análise do solo. 3.ed. rev. e ampl. Brasilia, DF: Embrapa, 573 p. https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1085209
Torres, C. P., y Otiniano, A. J. (2021). Innovación tecnológica en cacao andino Producto 4. Informe sobre absorción de cadmio y manejo agronómico y su validación en vivero.
Unión Europea. (2014). Reglamento (CE) No 488/2014, que modifica el Reglamento (CE) 1881/2006 por lo que respecta al contenido máximo de cadmio en los productos alimenticios. Reglamento de la Comunidad Europea, Bélgica, 138/78. https://www.boe.es/doue/2014/138/L00075-00079.pdf
United States Environmental Protection Anency. (2002). Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (US EPA) Orientación complementaria para desarrollar niveles de detección de suelos para sitios de superfondos.
United States Environmental Protection Anency. (2007). Method 3051A (SW-846): Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Oils. Revision 1. Washington, DC.
Verbruggen, N., Hermans, C., y Schat, H. (2009). Mechanisms to cope with excess arsenic or cadmium in plants. Current opinion in plant biology, 12(3), 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.05.001
Yazdanbakhsh, A., Alavi, S. N., Valadabadi, S. A., Karimi, F., y Karimi, Z. (2020). Heavy metals uptake of salty soils by ornamental sunflower, using cow manure and biosolids: A case study in Alborz city, Iran. Air, Soil and Water Research, 13, 1178622119898460. https://doi.org/10.1177/117862211989
Walkley, A., y Black, A. I. (1934). An examination of the method for determination soil organic matter, and a proposed codification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/1934SoilS..37...29W/doi:10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
